Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet (23 May 1737 – 3 January 1810) was a British civil servant and politician.

Strachey was the eldest son of Henry Strachey, of Sutton Court, Somerset, and his first wife Helen, daughter of Robert Clerk, a Scottish physician. His grandfather was the geologist John Strachey and his great-grandfather John Strachey was a friend of John Locke. He was appointed private secretary to Lord Clive in India in 1762, a position he held until 1768, when he was returned to Parliament for Pontefract. He sat for this constituency until 1774, and later represented Bishop's Castle from 1774 to 1778 and from 1780 to 1802, Saltash from 1774 to 1780 and East Grinstead from 1802 to 1807. Strachey was Clerk of the Deliveries of the Ordnance from 1778 to 1780 and Principal Storekeeper of the Ordnance from 1780 to 1780 and in 1783 and served under the Marquess of Rockingham as Joint Secretary to the Treasury in 1782 and under the Earl of Shelburne as Joint Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1782 to 1783. He took part in the peace negotiations with the American colonies in Paris in 1783 with Richard Oswald representing British and John Jay, Johns Adams and Benjamin Franklin representing the Americans. This resulted in the treaty of Paris. He later served as Master of the Household between 1794 and 1810. In 1801 he was created a Baronet, of Sutton Court in the County of Somerset.

Strachey married Jane, only daughter of John Kelsall, in 1770. They had three sons and one daughter. His second son Edward Strachey was the father of John Strachey and Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Strachey and the grandfather of Lytton Strachey, James Strachey, Oliver Strachey and Dorothy Bussy. Other descendants of Strachey include the Liberal politician Edward Strachey, 1st Baron Strachie, the journalist John Strachey and the Labour politician John Strachey. Strachey died in January 1810, aged 72, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Henry. Lady Strachey died in 1824.