Major-General Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1 July 1752 – 17 May 1795), known as Lord Thomas Pelham-Clinton until 1779 and as Earl of Lincoln from 1779 to 1794, was a British soldier and politician.

Pelham-Clinton was the third but eldest surviving son of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, and his wife Lady Catherine Pelham, daughter of Henry Pelham. His two elder brothers and his younger brother all predeceased their father. After his education he embarked on a military career. In April 1774, he accompanied General Henry Lloyd, General Henry Clinton and Major Thomas Carleton as "English observers" of the Second Russo-Turkish War on the Danube (Speelman, 2002). He served in America during the American War of Independence as Aide-de-Camp to his relative, General Sir Henry Clinton, and was later Aide-de-Camp to the King. He achieved the rank of Major-General in 1787.

Pelham-Clinton also sat as Member of Parliament for Westminster from 1774 to 1780 and for East Retford from 1781 to 1794 and was Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire from 1794 to 1795. In February 1794 he succeeded his father in the dukedom.

Pelham-Clinton married Lady Anna Maria Stanhope, daughter of William Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Harrington, in 1782. They had two sons and two daughters. He died in May 1795, aged 42, from the effects of an emetic which he had taken for whooping cough, having held the dukedom for only a year. He was succeeded by his eldest son Henry. The Duchess of Newcastle upon Tyne later married General Sir Charles Gregan Craufurd and died in 1834.